输尿管软镜和经皮肾镜治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石的效果比较

目的探讨输尿管软镜和经皮肾镜治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石的临床效果。方法选取52例嵌顿性输尿管上段结石患者,随机分为两组各26例。A组予以经皮肾镜治疗,B组予以输尿管软镜治疗。比较两组的结石清除情况、住院时间、术后VAS评分,以及手术前后的IL-4、IL-6、IL-10水平。结果A组术后3 d、术后3个月的结石清除率均显著高于B组(P<0.05)。A组的住院时间显著长于B组,术后VAS评分显著高于B组(P<0.05)。两组术前的IL-4、IL-6、IL-10水平无显著性差异(P>0.05);术后1 d,两组的IL-4、IL-6、IL-10水平均较术前显著升高,且A组显著高于B组(P<0.05)。结论与经皮肾镜相比,输尿管软镜治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石的结石清除率较低,但对患者损伤小,术后疼痛轻,恢复快。     

Resultados preliminares de un trabajo multicéntrico a nivel nacional para el tratamiento de STUI secundario a hiperplasia benigna de próstata mediante el sistema con vapor de agua Rezūm®

Introduction and objectiveRezūm® system is a minimally invasive transurethral therapy that uses convective water vapor energy to ablate prostatic tissue. The objective is to report 1-year functional and security outcomes obtained by using this technique in real clinical practice.Material and methodsProspective study conducted in 5 Spanish hospitals for the treatment of LUTS secondary to BPH using the Rezūm® system. Patients with prostatic medium lobe (ML) and urethral catheter carriers were also included. Pre- and post-operative data were collected using IPSS, IIEF-5 and QoL questionnaires, flowmetry and post-void residual volume. Complications and retreatment rate at one-year follow-up were also reported.Results137 patients, including 64 with ML and 10 patients with urinary retention were treated. Median prostate volume was 50 cm³ (15-131). At 3 months follow-up, significant improvement was observed in IPSS (?6,37 points), Qmax (+4,95 mL/s) and QoL (?1,29); and was maintained until 12 months: ?10,78 points, +4,62 mL/s and ?2,73 respectively (p < 0.001). No significant changes were observed in the sexual sphere. All complications were mild (≤ Clavien II). Retreatment rate at one year was 4%.ConclusionShort-term results of this technique are promising, showing improvement in terms of functional outcomes, with no impact on the sexual sphere or complications. Longer term follow-up should include treatment durability and comparison to standard BPH treatments.     

肝胆管结石病经皮经肝取石手术应用指南(2021版)

肝胆管结石病是我国常见的胆道疾病,病情复杂,术后结石残留率、复发率高,反复多次手术。在病程晚期可并发终末期胆病,严重影响患者的生活质量。目前经皮经肝取石手术逐渐在临床开展,但存在许多不规范之处,影响推广和普及。本指南对近年来经皮经肝取石手术做了详尽的总结,并提出治疗的推荐意见,旨在规范开展经皮经肝取石手术,为肝胆管结石微创取石提供指导和参考依据。     

肾盂尿培养联合炎症指标对经皮肾镜碎石术后尿路感染的诊断价值

目的探讨经皮肾镜碎石术后,肾盂尿培养联合血清和肽素及IL-6水平对尿路感染的诊断价值。方法选取2015年6月-2018年6月于遵义医科大学附属医院行经皮肾镜碎石术的住院患者201例,根据术后尿路感染情况分为感染组32例及非感染组169例。术前中段尿、术中肾盂尿进行细菌培养,术后第1天采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清和肽素及白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)水平,比较上述指标单独及联合对术后尿路感染的诊断价值。结果感染组与非感染组术前中段尿细菌培养阳性率分别为15.63%和14.79%,差异无统计学意义(χ^2=1.218,P=0.270);感染组肾盂细菌培养阳性率为81.25%,高于非感染组的3.55%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=121.349,P<0.001)。感染组和肽素及IL-6水平高于非感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。肾盂尿培养、血清和肽素及IL-6联合诊断PCNL术后尿路感染敏感性为90.65%,特异性为86.44%,AUC为0.873±0.039,高于肾盂尿培养、和肽素、IL-6单独诊断水平(P<0.05)。结论术中肾盂尿培养较术前中段尿培养价值高,且血清和肽素、IL-6及肾盂尿培养联合诊断可提高诊断准确率。     

Implementation and Results of a Percutaneous Renal Allograft Biopsy Protocol to Reduce Complication Rate

Percutaneous renal transplant biopsy (PRTB) is the gold standard for evaluating allograft rejection after renal transplant. Hemorrhage is the predominant complication. We describe the implementation of a standardized protocol for PRTB at a single institution, with the aim of reducing bleeding complications. Utilizing the plan-do-study-act model for quality improvement, we created and deployed a protocol centered on controlling patient’s hypertension, platelet function, and anticoagulation status. The 4-year study encompassed a total of 880 PRTBs, before and after implementation of the protocol. Total complication rate, which was 5.8% in the 2 years leading up to implementation of the protocol, was reduced to 2.9% after the protocol was introduced (P = .04). A standardized approach to PRTB can potentially lower complication rates; we present a framework for implementating a quality improvement protocol at other institutions.     

肠内营养支持对神经科昏迷患者营养状况及生活质量的影响

目的对比分析经皮胃镜下胃造瘘术和经鼻胃管肠内营养支持治疗在昏迷患者中的效果及安全性,为今后合理选择肠内营养支持途径提供参考和借鉴。方法选取我院2010-01-2014-01神经科收治的180例昏迷患者,采用前瞻性平行对照试验,按随机数字表法将其分为2组,每组90例,对照组行鼻胃管肠内营养支持,试验组行经皮胃镜下胃造瘘术肠内营养支持,对比分析2组患者营养状况和免疫功能改善情况、并发症发生情况,评估患者的预后和生存质量。结果试验组患者营养支持治疗后3、7d各项营养免疫指标改善情况明显优于对照组(P0.05);试验组并发症发生率11.11%,明显低于对照组的32.22%(χ~2=11.816 7,P=0.000 6);试验恢复良好率86.67%,明显高于对照组的71.11%(χ~2=6.538 2,P=0.010 6);试验组出院时及随访期间WHOQOL-BREF评分均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论经皮胃镜造瘘术肠内营养支持治疗应用于神经科昏迷患者效果显著,能明显改善患者营养状况及免疫功能,肝肾损伤轻微,并发症发生率低,且能明显改善昏迷患者的预后,提高生存质量,具有极其广泛的应用空间,可作为营养支持首选方式。